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YARN TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS
Ramandeep Singh
B.Tech, Dept. of Textile Engineering
Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus,
Bathinda, Punjab, India
Email: rmnsandhu3335@gmail.com
Textile Yarn:
A textile yarn is an assembly of substantial length and relatively small cross section of fibers and/or filaments with or without twist”.
Spin-staple yarns consist of staple fibers assembled and bound together by various means (usually twist) to produce the required characteristics such as strength, handle and appearance .
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| Yarn |
Physical properties and performance characteristics of different yarns:
| Yarn type | General yarn properties |
| Staple yarns : Carded cotton,Combed cotton Woollen,Worsted,Linen | Excellent handle, good covering power, good comfort rating; reasonable strength; reasonable uniformity |
| Continuous filament yarns : Natural,Non-synthetic,Synthetic | Excellent uniformity; excellent strength; can be very fine; fair handle; poor covering power |
| High bulk yarns : Staple, Continuous filament | Good covering power with light weight; good loftiness of fullness |
| Stretch yarns : Continuous filament | High stretch ability; good handle and covering power |
| Special end-use : Tire cord,Rubber/elastic Core yarn,Cabled,Coated | Purely functional; designed to satisfy a specific set of conditions. |
| Novelty yarns : Fancy yarns, Metallic, | Excellent decorative features or characteristics |
TYPE OF YARNS
Ring Spun Yarn:
These are produced on the ring and traveler system from a wide variety of fiber types.
Rotor spun Yarn
These yarns consist of fibers bound together by twist. Rotor spun yarns are generally produced from short staple fibers.
Flat continuous filament yarn
Man- made continuous filament yarns may be produced in either monofilament or multifilament form.
Textured continuous filament yarn
These are man-made continuous filament yarns that have been modified by subsequent processing to introduce durable crimps , coils , loops or other distortions into the filaments.
Twist less Yarn
These are yarns produced from staple fibers where the consolidation of the fibers is done by means of adhesive.
Core Yarn
Core yarns are characterized by having a central core wrapped with staple fibers. These are produced in a single operation by simultaneously feeding a core filament and staple fibers through the delivery rollers of a spinning frame.
Self Twist Yarn
Self-twist yarns are two-ply yarns Produced in a single operation. Each component is twisted in alternating directions in short segments.The two components are subsequently put together in such a way that they twist together (self-twist) to form final yarn.
Friction Spun yarn
These yarns are produced on spinning systems which use two rotating rollers to collect and twist individual fibers into a Stable yarn structure.
Folded or Plied Yarn
A yarn in which two or more single yarns are twisted together in a single operation, for example two-fold, three-fold, four fold.
Cabled yarn
A yarn in which two or more folded yarns are twisted together in one or more operations. Folded and cabled yarns can be produced from staple yarns, continuous filament yarns or a combination of both.
End-uses of plied yarns
Ring Spun Yarn:
These are produced on the ring and traveler system from a wide variety of fiber types.
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| Ring Spun Yarn |
These yarns consist of fibers bound together by twist. Rotor spun yarns are generally produced from short staple fibers.
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| Rotor spun Yarn |
Man- made continuous filament yarns may be produced in either monofilament or multifilament form.
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| Flat continuous filament yarn |
These are man-made continuous filament yarns that have been modified by subsequent processing to introduce durable crimps , coils , loops or other distortions into the filaments.
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| Textured continuous filament yarn |
These are yarns produced from staple fibers where the consolidation of the fibers is done by means of adhesive.
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| Twist less Yarn |
Core yarns are characterized by having a central core wrapped with staple fibers. These are produced in a single operation by simultaneously feeding a core filament and staple fibers through the delivery rollers of a spinning frame.
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| Core yarns |
Self-twist yarns are two-ply yarns Produced in a single operation. Each component is twisted in alternating directions in short segments.The two components are subsequently put together in such a way that they twist together (self-twist) to form final yarn.
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| Self-twist yarns |
These yarns are produced on spinning systems which use two rotating rollers to collect and twist individual fibers into a Stable yarn structure.
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| Friction Spun yarn |
A yarn in which two or more single yarns are twisted together in a single operation, for example two-fold, three-fold, four fold.
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| Folded or Plied Yarn |
A yarn in which two or more folded yarns are twisted together in one or more operations. Folded and cabled yarns can be produced from staple yarns, continuous filament yarns or a combination of both.
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| Cabled yarn |
| 2 Ply | 3- Ply | Cabled yarn |
| poplins | sewing threads | industrial yarns |
| voiles | Industrial yarns | electrical insulation |
| gabardines | canvas | shoe laces |
| crepes | filter cloths | cords |
| sewing threads | conveyor belts | V-belts |
| general purpose | embroidery | embroidery |
FANCY YARNS :
A fancy yarn can be defined as one that differs from the normal construction of a single or doubled yarn by deliberately introduced irregularities in its construction.
The ‘novelty’ or ‘fancy’ yarns produce different textures and effects in the fabrics. Fancy yarns can be made from all natural fibers, all man-made fibers and their blends. They can be produced from pre-dyed or un dyed fibers and yarns.
Fabrics containing fancy yarns are used for many textile purposes, for instance apparel such as dress fabrics, or household textiles such as curtains and upholstery.
Novelty Yarns :
A fancy yarn can be defined as one that differs from the normal construction of a single or doubled yarn by deliberately introduced irregularities in its construction.
The ‘novelty’ or ‘fancy’ yarns produce different textures and effects in the fabrics. Fancy yarns can be made from all natural fibers, all man-made fibers and their blends. They can be produced from pre-dyed or un dyed fibers and yarns.
Fabrics containing fancy yarns are used for many textile purposes, for instance apparel such as dress fabrics, or household textiles such as curtains and upholstery.
Novelty Yarns :
Using one or more of the following techniques, novelty yarns may be produced. combination of different fiber types; combination of different colours of yarns; combination of different yarn linear densities; combination of different yarn lengths.
BASIC FANCY YARN
Generally , fancy yarns contain two or more of the following : a base or core yarn , around which the yarn intended to create the fancy effect is wrapped; the effect yarn , which forms the design ; and the binder which holds the effect yarn in place on the base to prevent it slipping while it is being wound, knitted or woven.
Gimp and Loop :
All these fancy yarns are produced by delivering the core and effect yarn at different rates.
Gimp is a twisted core yarn, with the effect yarn wrapped around the core producing an irregular wavy surface. The effect yarn has a regular semi-circular appearance, while in loop, the effect yarn appears as well-formed circular loops.
Snarl :
This is made in the same way as a loop yarn, but using a highly twisted effect yarn which forms snarls rather than loops.
Spiral/Cork screw :
A plied yarn, in which one of the components wraps around the other, rather than the components twisting regularly together under the same tension. A spiral yarn tends to have a higher twist than a corkscrew yarn.
Slub :
This is composed of short, abnormally thick places at regular or irregular intervals. The slub effect is spun into the yarn .
Cloud :
A two-colour yarn, in which both yarns take it in turn to obscure or cloud the other, giving the appearance of an intermittent colour change.
Fleck :
Small amounts of fibers of either different colours or luster or both, are introduced into the yarn. This gives it a spotted and short streaky appearance.
BASIC FANCY YARN
Generally , fancy yarns contain two or more of the following : a base or core yarn , around which the yarn intended to create the fancy effect is wrapped; the effect yarn , which forms the design ; and the binder which holds the effect yarn in place on the base to prevent it slipping while it is being wound, knitted or woven.
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| Fancy yarn |
All these fancy yarns are produced by delivering the core and effect yarn at different rates.
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| Gimp and Loop |
Snarl :
This is made in the same way as a loop yarn, but using a highly twisted effect yarn which forms snarls rather than loops.
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| Snarl |
A plied yarn, in which one of the components wraps around the other, rather than the components twisting regularly together under the same tension. A spiral yarn tends to have a higher twist than a corkscrew yarn.
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| Spiral/Cork screw yarn |
This is composed of short, abnormally thick places at regular or irregular intervals. The slub effect is spun into the yarn .
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| Slub yarn |
A two-colour yarn, in which both yarns take it in turn to obscure or cloud the other, giving the appearance of an intermittent colour change.
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| Cloud yarn |
Small amounts of fibers of either different colours or luster or both, are introduced into the yarn. This gives it a spotted and short streaky appearance.
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| Fleck yarn |
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