A PRESENTATION ON RECYCLING OF POLYESTER
Ashish Kumar Dua
M.Tech, Dept. of Textile Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi.
POLYESTER & POLYESTER BOTTLES:Most synthetic fibers (approximately 70%) are made from polyester, and the polyester most often used in textiles is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The majority of the world’s PET production – about 60% – is used to make fibers for textiles; about 30% is used to make bottles. It’s estimated that it takes about 104 million barrels of oil for PET production each year – that’s 70 million barrels just to produce the virgin polyester used in fabrics. The reason recycled polyester (often written rPET) is considered a green option in textiles today is twofold, and the argument goes like this: - Saving energy (33% to 53% less energy than produce from virgin)
- Estimate at 54.6% fewer CO2 emissions
- Keeping bottles and other plastics out of the landfills.
Some major companies in recycling- - Tex America,inc
- Napcar,USA
- Fleissner GmbH and Co.
FUN FACTS ABOUT POLYESTER :First PET bottle was recycled in 1977 FACTS about PET: - Recycling 1 ton of PET bottles saves 7.4 cubic yards of landfill space
- It takes 5 recycled two-liter PET bottles to make one square foot of carpet.
- PET bottles and containers are actually a form of polyester, which is why it is so easy to recycle bottles into T-shirts, sweaters and socks.
- It takes 35 liter recycled PET bottles to make the soft filling inside a sleeping bag, called “fiberfill.”
- Plastic makes up 8% of our trash by weight, but is 24% of the volume
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Introduction:- Its having crystallinity around 60-65%.
- Its having high glass transition temp. around 70-80 ºC .
- It is produced basically two routes by step growth polymerization.
PROCESS TO MAKE POLYESTER:Glycolysis process: |
| Bis(2-hydroxyetylterphthalate(BHET). |
EG+ PET are taken in molar basic ratio 1:4 t0 1:6 & .5 % zinc acetate as a catalyst. Applications-- Resins
- Coating
- Laminates
- Dyes
RECYLING OF POLYESTER BOTTLES: - Common PET depolymerisation treatments for recycling.
Note- Current work aims at effective recycling of waste PET from soft drink bottles by glycolysis method and thereby utilization of recycled product for coating application.PET WASTE USING TO VARIOUS TEXTILE AUXILLARIES :
1.Softners-Conversion of BHET TO BHECL form.BHET+thionyl chloride +.5% dimethyl formaldehyde in toluene as a catalyst after reaction excess toluene was collected via vacuum distillation. Quaternarization of the amine derivative was carried out by adding dimethyl sulfate (1:1). Sodium carbonate was added as an acid quencher and the mixture was kept at 70 °C for 3 h. Upon distillation of toluene, the cationic softener product was obtained. Following were the fatty acids and amines tried. It gives the details of the reactants Since DETA reacted to BHECL has two free amine groups, whereas EDA reacted to BHECL has one free amine group and hence one mole of this amine combines with one mole of fatty acid.USE OF PET WASTE TO MAKE HYDROPHOBIC DYESTUFF :
Alkyd resins derived from glycolized waste:PREPARTION OF PET POLYOL :Glycolzed product is used for synthesis for PE polyol.  |
| .5 % of P-toluene sulphonic acid+xylene,inert atm. |
Prepartaion of PE polyol coatingIt is used with different isocyanete curing agent ratio NCO:OH (1:1) OF 1:1 Dimetyl formamide is used as a solvent to system.
RECYCLE PAPER TREATED WITH PET RESIN OR PET COATNG :- The PET dispersion can be used with other wet strength resin,such as poly amide-epichlorohydrin.
- PET not only add additional dry & wet strength but not repulable wet strength resin repulable.
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| Figure 1. Dry tensile strength of sheets treated with different polyesters. |
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| Figure 2. Wet tensile of the sheets treated with different polyesters |
- LSE-Low surface energy product
- HSE-High surface energy product
- HTG-High Tg product
Advantages-Its having the high potential to save a large amount of trees and energy while limiting filling.Recycled pet fibre in concrete –reinforcement fiber: Development in process technology &process chemistry:CONCLUSION:- The water dispersible polymer used in coating recyclable paper can be used as a wet end additive to improve paperdry dry & wet strength. We can make paper water respellent ,paper stiff with good dry strength or both dry & wet strength good by treating with different resins.
- Waste PET was depolymerized via glycolysis product was used for synthesis of new polyester polygol. This was used for coating application having excellent mechanical properties like as flexibility ,impact resistance ,scratch & hardness ,good chemical resistance.
- To produce a new material from plastic waste, PET was oligomerized by a poly-functional alcohol and mixed temp. The presence of oligomers enhanced thermal stability.
- PET waste is used in useful textile finishing softeners. By the high purity of virtual manner BHET ,it can further converted into quaternary compound which used as softeners in textile finishing.
- Recycled PET does not adversely affect the resins properties based on recycled PET can help decrease the cost of polymer end product & reduce environment pollution.
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