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Lean Manufacturing:
Lean Manufacturing, or Lean Production, refers to a business concept wherein the goal is to minimize the amount of time and resources used in the manufacturing processes and other activities of an enterprise, with emphasis on eliminating all forms of wastage. It is basically the fusion of various management philosophies designed to make operations as efficient as possible. Business philosophies invoked by lean manufacturing include Just-in-Time (JIT) Manufacturing, Kaizen, Total Quality Management (TQM), Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Cellular Manufacturing, and the like. The roots of lean manufacturing can be traced to Japan, or more specifically, Toyota.
Following is a short description of each of the Five Primary Elements:
Manufacturing Flow:
The aspect that addresses physical changes and design standards that are deployed as part of the cell.
Manufacturing Flow
The aspect focusing on identification of people’s roles/functions, training in new ways of working, and communication.
Organization
The aspect directed at monitoring, controlling, stabilizing, and pursuing ways to improve the process.
Process Control
The aspect addressing visible, results-based performance measures; targeted improvement; and team rewards/recognition.
Metrics
The aspect that provides definition for operating rules and mechanisms for planning and controlling the flow of material.
Logistics
Finally, add the visible presence of shopfloor measurements reflecting status, equipment being repaired, graphic work instructions being posted at work stations, and machine changeover times being recorded and improved. These primary elements complement one another and are all required to support each other as part of a successful implementation. Most lean manufacturing initiatives focus on the primary elements of Manufacturing Flow, some on Process Control and areas of Logistics.
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| Lean Manufacturing Process |
Description of the Five Primary Elements of Lean Manufacturing:
The Five Primary Elements for lean manufacturing are - Manufacturing Flow,
- Organization,
- Process Control,
- Metrics, and
- Logistics .
Following is a short description of each of the Five Primary Elements:
Manufacturing Flow:
The aspect that addresses physical changes and design standards that are deployed as part of the cell.
Manufacturing Flow
- Product/quantity assessment (product group)
- Process mapping
- Routing analysis (process, work, content, volume)
- Takt calculations
- Workload balancing
- Kanban sizing
- Cell layout
- Standard work
- One-piece flow
The aspect focusing on identification of people’s roles/functions, training in new ways of working, and communication.
Organization
- Product-focused, multidisciplined team
- Lean manager development
- Touch labor cross-training skill matrix
- Training (lean awareness, cell control, metrics, SPC, continuous improvement)
- Communication plan
- Roles and responsibility
The aspect directed at monitoring, controlling, stabilizing, and pursuing ways to improve the process.
Process Control
- Total productive maintenance
- Poka-yoke
- SMED
- Graphical work instructions
- Visual control
- Continuous improvement
- Line stop
- SPC
- 5S housekeeping
The aspect addressing visible, results-based performance measures; targeted improvement; and team rewards/recognition.
Metrics
- On-time delivery
- Process lead-time
- Total cost
- Quality yield
- Inventory (turns)
- Space utilization
- Travel distance
- Productivity
The aspect that provides definition for operating rules and mechanisms for planning and controlling the flow of material.
Logistics
- Forward plan
- Mix-model manufacturing
- Level loading
- Workable work
- Kanban pull signal
- A,B,C parts handling
- Service cell agreements
- Customer/supplier alignment
- Operational rules
Finally, add the visible presence of shopfloor measurements reflecting status, equipment being repaired, graphic work instructions being posted at work stations, and machine changeover times being recorded and improved. These primary elements complement one another and are all required to support each other as part of a successful implementation. Most lean manufacturing initiatives focus on the primary elements of Manufacturing Flow, some on Process Control and areas of Logistics.
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